Chapter 21
“Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God.” — 1 John 4:1 (ESV)
A woman I once spoke with told me about the most beautiful thing she had ever seen. She had nearly died on an operating table. During those minutes, she found herself in a field of light. A warm presence wrapped around her. She felt total peace, total acceptance. She knew she was loved beyond anything she could describe.
Then she came back. And over the following months, she began to draw some conclusions about what it all meant. She decided that all religions lead to the same place. She decided that sin is an outdated concept. She began visiting a psychic to stay connected with the spiritual world she had glimpsed.
Here is the question I want to put on the table in this chapter: What if the experience was real, but the lessons she drew from it were wrong?
In the previous chapter, we looked at the troubling reality that some NDEs can be influenced or hijacked by demonic forces. That is one danger. But there is another, and in some ways it is harder to spot. A person can have a genuine encounter with God, a real moment of spiritual clarity, and still walk away with the wrong conclusions. The experience was true. The interpretation was not.
This matters because some of the most widely read NDE books in the world contain lessons that flatly contradict what the Bible teaches. These are not obscure or hard-to-find problems. They are teachings that millions of people have absorbed. And they often ride into a reader's heart on the back of a deeply moving story.
I have sat with people who read a bestselling NDE book and came away confused about what they believed. They had been solid in their faith for decades. Then one moving account told them that sin is not real, or that all paths lead to God, and suddenly the ground shifted under their feet. It was not because the story was false. It was because a true story carried a false conclusion. The experience was genuine. The lesson was not.
In this chapter, I want to separate what is real from what is false. I want to name the most common false lessons that show up in NDE accounts, weigh each one against Scripture, and show you how to keep the gold while leaving the dross behind. We can honor someone's experience and still reject a bad conclusion. In fact, I believe we must.1
Before we look at the false lessons, we need to understand a simple but powerful idea. It is the key that unlocks this entire chapter.
There is a difference between what a person experienced and what they concluded it meant.
The Key Distinction
What happened to someone during an NDE and what they decided it meant afterward are two different things. The experience may be real. The interpretation can still be wrong. A genuine encounter with the divine does not guarantee that every lesson the person draws from it is true.
Think of it this way. Imagine a man who has never seen the ocean. One day he stands on the shore for the first time. He sees the vast blue water. He hears the waves. He feels the spray. That experience is real and vivid. But if he goes home and writes a book saying the ocean is made of melted sky, we do not have to throw out his experience just because his explanation is wrong. He really saw the ocean. He just got confused about what it was.2
NDEs work the same way. In my doctoral research, I analyzed 5,278 near-death experiences. The data showed that a large majority of these cases are genuine. About 71 percent of all the cases I studied lined up well with a biblical framework. Among the scholarly cases, where trained researchers verified the accounts, that number rose to 87 percent.3 These are not made-up stories. They are real events that carry real weight.
But the data also showed something else. At least 1 in 10 NDEs carried ideas that clearly contradict the Bible. About 12 percent promote some form of reincarnation. About 19.6 percent promote psychics or mediums. About 21 percent contain elements that contradict Scripture in some way.4
As I wrote in my dissertation, just because someone genuinely believes something is true because of their experience, it does not mean it is. They had a real spiritual event. Their soul separated from their body. Their consciousness continued during clinical death. But the reality of the experience does not mean it should be given the same weight as Scripture.5
So here is what we will do. In the rest of this chapter, I will walk through the most common false lessons that show up in NDE accounts. For each one, I will name it plainly, explain why it attracts people, and show what the Bible actually says. Then we will close by talking about how to keep the real while letting go of the false. This is not about throwing the baby out with the bathwater. It is about reading with open eyes and an open Bible.
Let me say this as clearly as I can. You can believe that a person had a genuine near-death experience and still reject the conclusions they drew from it. These two things are not the same.
Shaun Tabatt, in his book The NDE Conspiracy, puts this well. He warns that we should never give NDE experiencers the kind of authority in our lives that belongs to Scripture alone. People want to treat someone who has been to the other side as the final expert on heaven and hell. That is understandable. But it is not safe.6
The experience itself may be genuine. The person may have truly left their body. They may have truly seen a being of light or entered a place of extraordinary beauty. But when they come back and begin to explain what it all means, they are doing what any human being does. They are filtering a powerful event through their own background, their own assumptions, and their own desires. Sometimes they get it right. Sometimes they do not.
Consider a person who sees a brilliant sunset and concludes that the sun is actually setting into the ocean. Their experience of the beauty was real. Their conclusion about what the sun was doing was wrong. Or consider two people who survive the same earthquake. One says it was God's judgment. The other says it was random geology. Both felt the same shaking. Both drew different conclusions. The shaking was real. The interpretations are separate claims that need separate evaluation.
As I noted in my dissertation, some NDErs develop unbiblical interpretations of their experience over time. The core event may have been real. But various factors can shape how they understand it afterward. Cultural ideas, spiritual books, conferences, and conversations with other experiencers can all pull an interpretation away from biblical truth. Some people who have had NDEs have been rejected by their churches and told their experiences were entirely demonic. Hurt and confused, they went looking for people who would listen. And often the people who listened most eagerly were connected to New Age groups, psychic circles, and unbiblical teaching. The original experience did not change. The interpretation shifted because the community shifted.7
This is why the Bible tells us to test everything. Not because every experience is fake. But because every interpretation needs to be measured. The apostle Paul wrote:
“Test everything; hold fast what is good. Abstain from every form of evil.” (1 Thessalonians 5:21–22, ESV)
Testing is not an act of distrust. It is an act of obedience. And the standard we test by is Scripture, not feeling.8
One of the most widely read NDE books of the twenty-first century is Eben Alexander's Proof of Heaven. Alexander, a neurosurgeon, fell into a coma after contracting a severe case of bacterial meningitis. During that coma, he reported a vivid and moving near-death experience. The book became a massive bestseller, and millions of people read it.9
During his experience, Alexander described receiving three messages from a divine source. The first two were broadly positive. But the third message is the one that should stop every careful reader in their tracks. Alexander reports being told: "There is nothing you can do wrong."10
Think about what that statement means. If there is nothing you can do wrong, then sin does not exist. If sin does not exist, then there is nothing to be saved from. And if there is nothing to be saved from, then the cross of Christ was pointless.
As I noted in my dissertation, any spiritual being that tells a person there is no such thing as evil and sin cannot be the God of the Bible.11 The Bible is plain on this point:
“If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.” (1 John 1:8, ESV)
And again:
“For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.” (Romans 6:23, ESV)
I do not know exactly what happened to Eben Alexander during his coma. He may have had a genuine spiritual event. But the lesson attached to it fails the Scripture test completely. A message that erases sin erases the gospel. And no experience, however beautiful, has the right to do that.12
Weigh This Carefully
When an NDE account teaches that sin is not real, or that there is nothing a person can do wrong, it is not just adding to Scripture. It is contradicting Scripture at its foundation. The Bible teaches that all people have sinned (Romans 3:23), that sin separates us from God (Isaiah 59:2), and that Jesus came to save us from sin (Matthew 1:21). Any message that removes sin removes the need for a Savior.
Another false lesson that shows up in some NDE accounts is the idea that all religions are equally valid paths to God. The reasoning goes like this: "I met a being of pure love. That being accepted everyone. So it does not matter which religion you follow. We all end up in the same place."
It sounds generous. It sounds open-minded. But is it true?
The data tell an interesting story. In his research, J. Steve Miller examined the worldwide NDERF database and challenged readers to look at who NDE experiencers actually report meeting. Miller found that about 18 percent of experiencers reported encountering Jesus. Out of more than 5,000 cases from around the world, only three people reported seeing Krishna. Only two reported seeing Buddha. Of 80 self-identified Muslims in the database, not one reported seeing Muhammad. Miller pointed out a striking comparison: he found more people who reported seeing aliens than who reported seeing Krishna, Buddha, or Muhammad combined.13
My own research confirmed a similar pattern. In my analysis of 5,278 cases, about 20 percent of NDEs involved Jesus, while less than 1 percent involved any other named religious figure. Even non-Christians who expected to meet a figure from their own tradition typically encountered "light and love," not their tradition's deity.14
If all religions truly led to the same place, we would expect people from every faith to meet figures from their own traditions in roughly equal numbers. That is not what the data show. Jesus stands out in the NDE research in a way that no other religious figure does. (We explored this in more detail in Chapter 13 and Chapter 14.)
More importantly, Scripture speaks to this directly:
“Jesus said to him, ‘I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.’” (John 14:6, ESV)
“And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.” (Acts 4:12, ESV)
These are not minor verses tucked into a footnote. They are direct statements from Jesus and from the apostles. The claim that all religions lead to the same destination is one of the most popular ideas in our culture. But neither the NDE data nor the Bible supports it.15
One of the clearest examples of this false lesson comes from Betty Eadie’s bestselling book Embraced by the Light. Eadie described a profound NDE after a surgery in 1973. During her experience, she reported meeting Jesus and receiving answers to her deepest questions. One of those answers was about the world’s religions. She wrote that she was told all religions on earth are necessary, because different people need what different religions teach. Each church, she was told, is a stepping stone to further knowledge. No one church can meet everyone’s needs. And from this she concluded that no one has the right to criticize any church or religion in any way.16
This is a moving and sincere account. But the lesson it carries flatly contradicts Scripture. Jesus did not say, “I am one of many stepping stones.” He said, “I am the way” (John 14:6). The idea that every religion is equally valid was not what the apostles preached. Peter stood before the Jewish council and said, “There is salvation in no one else” (Acts 4:12). Eadie’s experience may have been real. But the theological system she built on top of it looks far more like what J. Steve Miller called a system of Mormon and New Age doctrine than like anything the biblical Jesus taught.17 (For a fuller treatment of Eadie’s account, see Chapter 20.)
Miller also found that when he examined 100 consecutive NDE cases from the NDERF database, only seven mentioned something even vaguely opposed to Christian beliefs. Of those seven, only three actually contradicted Christian doctrine. The NDEs themselves do not teach that everyone goes to heaven or that Eastern religions are equally valid paths. The experiencers may be open to those ideas. But the core experiences do not support them.
What the Data Actually Show
Of more than 5,000 NDEs in the worldwide NDERF database, only three reported seeing Krishna and only two reported seeing Buddha. Zero reported Muhammad. Miller found more reported sightings of aliens than of all three combined. About 18–20 percent reported encountering Jesus. If all paths led to the same God, we would expect a far more even distribution. The evidence points in a different direction.
Closely related to Alexander's "nothing you can do wrong" is a broader theme that appears in a number of NDE accounts: the denial of sin and judgment. Some experiencers come back saying they were told that there is no judgment, that God never condemns anyone, and that the idea of sin is something humans invented to control each other.
I understand the appeal of this message. In the presence of overwhelming love, the idea of judgment can seem small and harsh. And I will be the first to say that the being of light who appears in many genuine NDEs does not seem to condemn people during the life review. As we saw in Chapter 16, the review is often experienced as clarifying rather than crushing.
But there is a large gap between saying "God meets you with love" and saying "sin does not exist." The Bible holds both truths together without letting either cancel the other. God is love (1 John 4:8). God also judges sin (Hebrews 9:27). These are not competing ideas. They are two sides of the same character.18
The apostle John wrote plainly:
“If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.” (1 John 1:8–9, ESV)
And the writer of Hebrews declared:
“It is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment.” (Hebrews 9:27, ESV)
Some NDErs have come back saying they were told that terrible acts like violence, abuse, and cruelty are just "experiences to grow from." As I noted in my research, ideas like these are so extreme that there is no way the person could have been interacting with the God of the Bible.19 A God who calls rape and murder growth opportunities is not the God who commanded justice, who defended the weak, and who gave His Son to conquer evil.
A loving God is not a God who pretends evil is fine. He is a God who takes it so seriously that He died to defeat it.20
The God of the Bible is indeed a God of breathtaking love. The NDEs that report being wrapped in unconditional acceptance are reflecting something real about His character. But love and justice are not enemies. A parent who never corrects a child is not showing love. A judge who lets every criminal walk free is not showing mercy. The biblical God holds both together in a way that human beings find hard to imitate. He loves perfectly. He also judges truly. An NDE that captures the love but erases the justice has only caught half the picture.
About 12 percent of the NDEs in my study promote some form of reincarnation. That is the belief that after death, a person's soul is reborn into a new body, possibly many times.21
Reincarnation is central to Hinduism, Buddhism, and several other Eastern religions. It has also become popular in Western culture, especially in New Age circles. Some NDErs report being told that they have lived before, or that they chose this life as part of a learning journey across many lifetimes.
But Scripture is clear. You live once. You die once. Then comes judgment.
“It is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment.” (Hebrews 9:27, ESV)
Notice what Hebrews does not say. It does not say people die and come back and die again and come back again. It says "once." The Bible presents a single life, a single death, and then a reckoning before God. Reincarnation erases the seriousness of this one life and this one death. It replaces the biblical view with an endless cycle that needs no Savior and no cross.22
A related false lesson is the idea of pre-mortal existence. Betty Eadie was told during her NDE that all people existed as spirits before they were born. She wrote that she remembered the creation of the earth and that every person chose their own mission in life before arriving here. She was even told that Jesus and God the Father are separate beings, which directly contradicts the Christian doctrine of the Trinity.23 This is not biblical Christianity. It is closer to what the Latter-day Saints teach. And it is precisely the kind of lesson that looks spiritual on the surface but departs from Scripture at its core. Whether the label is reincarnation, pre-mortal existence, or choosing your own life plan, the pattern is the same: a false lesson riding on the back of a real experience.
Tabatt offers an important observation about the origin of these past-life impressions. Some of the most compelling past-life memory cases involve young children between the ages of two and five. Researchers at the University of Virginia have studied thousands of these cases. The details can be striking, and some appear to contain accurate information about people who lived before the child was born.24
But accuracy does not prove reincarnation. Tabatt suggests that these memories may have a different source. Demonic entities, who have been present in the world for thousands of years, could easily possess knowledge about deceased people and plant such impressions in the minds of vulnerable children. The Bible warns that we are in a spiritual battle against forces that deceive (Ephesians 6:12). A past-life memory that turns out to contain real details does not prove that the child lived before. It may prove that something with access to that information wanted the child, and the rest of us, to believe in reincarnation.25
Related to reincarnation is the idea that all things are God, a view called pantheism. Some NDErs come back saying they were shown that they are part of God, that everything is divine, that there is no real difference between the Creator and the creation. This erases the most basic distinction in the Bible: the line between the God who made everything and the world He made. Pantheism removes the personal God of Scripture and replaces Him with an impersonal force. That is not what the Bible teaches. And it is not what the best NDE evidence supports, either.26
Test the Spirits: Reincarnation
When an NDE account promotes reincarnation, it contradicts the clear teaching of Hebrews 9:27 and the entire biblical framework of a single life, a single death, and a judgment. Accurate details in a past-life memory do not prove a past life. They may reflect the work of deceptive spiritual forces who want you to reject the biblical view of death. See Chapter 23 for the full testing framework.
One of the most troubling trends I have found in the NDE world is the pull toward psychics and mediums. About 19.6 percent of the NDEs in my study promoted psychics or mediums in some way.27
I can understand why this happens. Someone has a profound spiritual experience. They glimpse the other side. They come back hungry to stay connected with that world. And then they meet someone who promises to help them do exactly that. A medium offers to connect them with deceased loved ones. A psychic offers to channel spiritual knowledge. It feels like a natural next step.
Tabatt describes this firsthand. At the 2024 IANDS national conference, he found psychics and mediums everywhere. Attendees could consult a pet psychic in the exhibit area. A packed session featured a medium who helped parents "reconnect" with their dead children, for a fee. The NDE world, he observed, has become overrun with speakers pushing psychics, mediums, reincarnation, and other unbiblical ideas.28
But Scripture draws a hard line on this practice. God does not leave room for debate.
“There shall not be found among you anyone who burns his son or his daughter as an offering, anyone who practices divination or tells fortunes or interprets omens, or a sorcerer or a charmer or a medium or a necromancer or one who inquires of the dead, for whoever does these things is an abomination to the Lord.” (Deuteronomy 18:10–12, ESV)
The prophet Isaiah added:
“And when they say to you, ‘Inquire of the mediums and the necromancers who chirp and mutter,’ should not a people inquire of their God? Should they inquire of the dead on behalf of the living? To the teaching and to the testimony! If they will not speak according to this word, it is because there is no dawn in them.” (Isaiah 8:19–20, ESV)
These are not gentle suggestions. They are commands. God forbids His people from seeking the dead or consulting mediums. And the reason is not that the spiritual world is fake. It is that the spiritual world is real and dangerous. Even if a medium gives you information that turns out to be accurate, you cannot be sure the source is trustworthy. Evil spirits have access to information about the deceased. They can impersonate a loved one. And their goal is not your comfort. It is your destruction.29
Miller points out that many of the same respected researchers who studied NDEs also investigated mediums and found troubling results. Many mediums were exposed as frauds. Even among those who appeared to produce real information, the possibility of demonic impersonation remained a serious concern. In one NDE case Miller studied, the experiencer was actually told on the other side to tell a relative to stop visiting a psychic, because the psychic was lying.30
The pull toward psychics and mediums is strong. But it is a path the Bible forbids. A genuine NDE may open your eyes to the reality of the spiritual world. But the right response to that reality is not to seek a medium. It is to seek God through His Word, through prayer, and through the community of faith.31
So where does all of this leave us? Do we have to throw out every NDE account that contains a false lesson? No. But we do have to read with discernment.
Think of it like panning for gold. You scoop up a pan full of river mud and gravel. Mixed in with the dirt are real flakes of gold. You do not throw out the gold because it was sitting next to rocks. You separate them. You keep what is valuable and let the rest go.
The same principle applies here. A person may have a genuine, God-given encounter during their NDE. They may truly experience the peace, the light, and the love that so many others have described. But when they come back and tell you that all religions are the same, that sin is not real, that you should consult a psychic, or that you have lived many lives before this one, you have found the gravel. Keep the gold. The encounter with God's love and presence is real. The unbiblical lesson attached to it is not.32
A Voice Worth Hearing
The frequently heard comments that NDEs oppose Christianity and/or promote a swing to Eastern religious views or universalism does not appear to be the case. Though the NDE experiencers themselves may be open to Eastern beliefs, the NDEs themselves don’t teach reincarnation or that everyone goes to heaven or specific doctrine from Eastern religions that contradicts Christian doctrine. — J. Steve Miller, Is Christianity Compatible with Deathbed and Near-Death Experiences?, ch. 8
This is good news. The vast majority of NDEs are not hostile to the Christian faith. They confirm what the Bible already teaches about the reality of God, the continuation of the soul after death, the priority of love, and the reality of both joy and judgment on the other side. But a careful Christian does not stop there. A careful Christian holds every account up to the light of Scripture, keeps what passes the test, and gently sets aside what does not.
As Paul wrote, test everything. Hold fast what is good.33
The scholars I have relied on throughout this book take the experience-versus-interpretation problem seriously.
Shaun Tabatt has written at length about the danger of giving NDE experiencers too much authority. He quotes his friend John Burke, who warns that we "must be cautious to avoid building a theology (or view of God and eternity) around individual stories or details that go beyond the framework of Scripture or the core elements found in most NDEs."34 Tabatt's concern is not that NDEs are all fake. His concern is that the enemy can take what God means for good and twist it toward deception. The false lesson is the twist.35
Michael Sabom, one of the earliest and most careful medical investigators of NDEs, applied exactly this kind of testing to the “Jesus” described in bestselling NDE accounts. He compared the encounters reported by George Ritchie, Betty Eadie, and one of his own cardiac patients, a woman he called Bobby Jean. All three described a being of radiant light. All three felt overwhelming love. All three were certain they were meeting Jesus. But Sabom then checked the messages this “Jesus” gave. Eadie’s “Jesus” told her that all religions should never be criticized and that all human spirits took part in the creation of the earth. Ritchie’s “Jesus” told him that human beings are gods, not fallen sinners. The biblical Christ never taught these things. Sabom pointed to Jesus’ own warning that “false Christs and false prophets will appear” to deceive (Matthew 24:24). He then concluded that because these teachings contradict Scripture, the being they encountered was not the historical Jesus of Scripture.36
What makes Sabom’s comparison even more telling is what happened next. Bobby Jean, unlike Ritchie and Eadie, received no novel doctrinal message from her “Jesus.” She went on to walk a conservative Christian path and scored a perfect mark on Sabom’s Spiritual Beliefs Questionnaire. The two who received grand theological messages went on to build systems around them. The one who received no message went on to live a quietly faithful life. That pattern alone is worth pausing on. The experience was similar. The messages were not. And the test of Scripture sorted them.36b
Miller brings a different but complementary emphasis. His research across thousands of cases shows that the typical NDE does not teach novel doctrine. It does not get into detailed theology. It does not settle debates between Protestants and Catholics, or between charismatics and cessationists. It is as if, Miller observes, there is "some gag order from the other side to the angels and deceased relatives: Don't get into theological discussions!"37 Miller was also fair-minded enough to note that the concerns of Christian critics like John MacArthur were warranted in specific cases. Eadie’s book, Miller observed, was very much out of character from the accounts he read in the professional literature. Those professional accounts were overwhelmingly free of doctrinal teaching. Eadie’s book was not. It contained, as MacArthur put it, an entire system of Mormon and New Age theology.38 But Miller’s wider point stood: the popular “heaven tourism” books are not representative of what NDEs typically contain. The popular genre is the exception, not the rule.
This is an important insight. The core NDE experience, the one shared by thousands of people across cultures and decades, tends to reinforce mainstream biblical themes: the reality of God, the priority of love, the existence of heaven and hell, the continuation of the soul, and the call to live for what matters. It is when experiencers go beyond the core experience and begin to draw theological conclusions that the problems appear.39
My own data support this. When I analyzed the qualitative cases in my study (the 832 cases from the scholarly literature), these cases contained fewer unbiblical elements than the self-reported online cases. The professional researchers did not inject ideas like reincarnation or New Age teachings into their reports. Those concepts appeared more often when experiencers posted their stories online and added their own interpretations. The experience itself stayed stable. The interpretation drifted.40
This is worth pausing to take in. The same core NDE features show up in both datasets: the out-of-body experience, the tunnel of light, the being of love, the life review, the meeting with deceased relatives. These features are stable across decades, across cultures, and across data sources. But the unbiblical conclusions show up more often in one dataset than the other. They show up more when the experiencer is doing the interpreting on their own, often years later, often in the company of other people who share the same assumptions. That pattern alone tells us something important. It tells us the problem is not in the experience. It is in the interpretation.
Where the Problem Lives
The core NDE experience tends to reinforce biblical themes. The unbiblical elements show up most often in the experiencer's interpretation, not in the experience itself. Scholarly cases contain fewer unbiblical elements than self-reported online accounts. The event stays consistent. The conclusions people draw are where the danger lies.
Gary Habermas, the well-known Christian philosopher, and J.P. Moreland have both offered theological criteria for evaluating NDE claims. They ask questions like: How is Jesus depicted? Does the experience teach unbiblical ideas? Does it align with the gospel? Does it honor the authority of Scripture?41 These are the right questions. And the answer, in most cases, is that the core experience passes the test. It is the extra lessons, the interpretive add-ons, that often fail.
Not everyone will agree with what I have argued in this chapter. Let me take the strongest objections seriously.
“Who Are You to Reinterpret Someone’s Experience?”
This is probably the most common pushback. A person had a profound spiritual event, and now I am sitting in a chair telling them their conclusions were wrong. How arrogant is that? But I am not reinterpreting their experience. I am asking whether their interpretation matches the Bible. The experience belongs to them. The truth about God belongs to God. And He has given us a standard to test by. I am not claiming to know better than the experiencer. I am saying the Bible knows better than both of us.
Objection: "The lessons feel profoundly true to those who had them." I do not doubt this. An encounter with a being of overwhelming love would naturally make you want to believe everything it says. But feelings of certainty are not the same as truth. A person under hypnosis can feel absolutely certain of something that did not happen. The feeling is real. The fact may not be. This is why God gave us an objective standard, not just inner impressions, to test spiritual claims against.42
Objection: "Maybe God meets each culture in its own terms." There is a grain of truth here. God can and does reach people of every background. The wide presence of His love in NDEs across cultures is itself evidence of that. But "God meets people where they are" is not the same as "all religions are equally true." A doctor who travels to a remote village and adapts his language to help his patients does not thereby endorse the village's folk remedies. God reaches across cultures. That does not mean every cultural belief about God is correct.43
Objection: "You are imposing dogma on the ineffable." Some people argue that spiritual experience transcends language and categories, so any attempt to evaluate it with doctrine is misguided. But this argument proves too much. If we cannot say anything definite about God, then the experiencer cannot say anything definite either. They cannot say "all religions are one" or "there is no judgment" if the divine is truly beyond all statements. The moment they draw a lesson, they have made a truth claim. And truth claims can be tested.44
Objection: "You are cherry-picking. You keep the parts of NDEs that fit your theology and throw out the rest." This is a fair challenge. But I am not cherry-picking. I am applying a standard. When a doctor reads a blood test, she does not accept every number without checking it against known ranges. If a reading looks wrong, she investigates. She does not throw out the whole test. She identifies which results are reliable and which need a second look. That is what I am doing with NDEs. I am using the Bible as the reference range. What fits passes. What contradicts it gets flagged. That is not bias. That is careful reading.45
Here is where I want to leave you. The NDE evidence is real. The experiences are real. The soul is real. The love that people encounter on the other side is, in most cases, truly from God. None of that changes.
But a real experience can carry a false lesson, the way a real river can carry mud alongside gold. And the most dangerous false lessons are the ones that feel the most beautiful. "There is nothing you can do wrong" is a warm sentence. It wraps itself around a frightened heart. But it is not true. And if you build your life on it, you will build on sand.
The Bible does not ask you to be afraid of NDEs. It does not ask you to reject every story you hear. It asks you to test. It asks you to compare what you read and hear against what God has already said. And when you find a lesson that contradicts Scripture, let it go. Not with anger. Not with contempt for the person who believed it. But with the quiet confidence that God's Word will outlast every human interpretation, no matter how sincerely held.46
If you know someone who had an NDE and came back with beliefs that trouble you, approach them with gentleness. They went through something profound and often life-changing. They deserve to be heard. But they also deserve the truth. You can honor their experience and still, in love, point out where their conclusions depart from Scripture. That is not judgment. That is friendship.47
Churches have a part to play here, too. Too many believers who have had NDEs have been told by their pastors that their entire experience was demonic. That blanket rejection has pushed some of them away from the church and into the arms of groups that will listen but that teach false ideas. A better approach is the one this book has been building from the start. Take the experience seriously. Listen carefully. Then walk together through what Scripture says. Help the experiencer see which parts of their account line up with what God has already revealed and which parts need to be set aside. That is pastoral care. That is how you keep someone close to the truth instead of driving them toward error.
For the practical tools to test any NDE, turn to Chapter 23, which lays out a step-by-step framework, and to Appendix C for a printable guide you can keep handy.
God is not threatened by hard questions. He invites them. But He has also given us a plumb line. The experience may be real. The lesson must be tested. And the standard is always the same: His Word.48
A Final Word of Discernment
When you encounter an NDE account that moves you, ask three questions. First, does any lesson it teaches contradict Scripture? Second, is Jesus present and honored, or absent and replaced? Third, does the account point you toward God and His Word, or toward psychics, mediums, or a view of reality that erases sin and judgment? If the answer to any of these is troubling, you have found the dross. Keep the gold. Let the rest go.
↑ 1. The distinction between experience and interpretation is central to a responsible Christian engagement with NDE literature. See the fuller discussion of discernment in Chapter 23 and Appendix C.
↑ 2. The analogy is imperfect, but the principle holds: the reality of an observation does not validate every inference drawn from it. This is a standard principle of epistemology.
↑ 3. Matthew Friend, “A Comprehensive Analysis of Near-Death Experiences as Evidence for the Dualist-Physicalist Debate in the Conditional Immortality Movement” (Th.D. diss., Trinity Theological Seminary). The 71% figure reflects overall biblical compatibility across all 5,278 cases; the 87% figure reflects high or moderate compatibility among the 832 scholarly (qualitative) cases.
↑ 4. Friend, dissertation. See Table 32 (Frequency of Key Non-Orthodox Thematic Content): reincarnation appeared in 12.0% of cases with thematic data (441 of 3,674 cases); psychic/medium promotion in 19.6% (720 of 3,674); content contradicting Scripture in 21.3% (783 of 3,674).
↑ 5. Friend, dissertation, ch. 5 (Conclusion and Theological Implications). The point is that experiential vividness does not confer doctrinal authority. Scripture remains the final standard.
↑ 6. Shaun Tabatt, The NDE Conspiracy: Can We Trust Eyewitness Accounts of Heaven, Hell, and the Afterlife? (Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2025), ch. 8 (“Can We Trust Firsthand Accounts of NDEs and Related Experiences?”). Tabatt warns against treating NDE experiencers as having the authority that belongs to Scripture. As he writes in his conclusion: “We must always weigh any extrabiblical teaching gleaned from these experiences against the Bible and historic Christian orthodoxy and theology.”
↑ 7. Friend, dissertation, ch. 4 and ch. 5. As I noted: “Since the NDErs strongly believe these were real experiences, many have gone on to find support and ideas from unbiblical sources, sometimes new age-related. While the original core experiences are very similar, the interpretation given to the experiences sometimes begins to morph into unbiblical ideas and interpretations.” The quantitative (self-reported) data contained a higher proportion of unbiblical elements than the qualitative (scholarly) data, suggesting that post-experience interpretation and cultural context drive much of the unbiblical content. See also Tabatt, The NDE Conspiracy, ch. 8, on why vulnerable experiencers sometimes drift toward unbiblical communities.
↑ 8. See also 1 John 4:1: “Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God.”
↑ 9. Eben Alexander, Proof of Heaven: A Neurosurgeon’s Journey into the Afterlife (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012). The book spent over a year on the New York Times bestseller list. Alexander is cited here at the claim level; his account is non-resident and has not been independently verified to the same standard as the veridical cases in this book.
↑ 10. Alexander, Proof of Heaven. The “three messages” are described in the central chapters of his account. The third message, that there is nothing one can do wrong, is the one most in tension with the Christian doctrine of sin.
↑ 11. Friend, dissertation, ch. 5 (Conclusion and Theological Implications). As I argued: “Any spiritual being that says there is no such thing as evil and sin cannot be the God of the Bible and is demonic in origin.” Tabatt reinforces the point from the discernment side: the enemy’s goal is to lead people “down a dark and destructive path that takes them far away from God” (The NDE Conspiracy, ch. 8).
↑ 12. The Galatians test is relevant here: “But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be accursed” (Galatians 1:8, ESV). A “gospel” that removes sin is precisely such a contrary message.
↑ 13. J. Steve Miller, Is Christianity Compatible with Deathbed and Near-Death Experiences? The Surprising Presence of Jesus, Scarcity of Anti-Christian Elements, and Compatibility with Historic Christian Teachings (Acworth, GA: Wisdom Creek Press), chs. 6–7. Miller drew his data from the NDERF worldwide database, which at the time contained more than 5,000 reported experiences translated from 23 languages. He challenged readers to read 100 consecutive NDE accounts from the database and see for themselves. Miller searched for Muhammad across all 80 self-identified Muslim cases and found none. He also found more reported sightings of aliens (6 per 1,000 cases) than of Krishna (fewer than 1 per 1,000), a striking comparison. Jeffrey Long confirmed Miller’s findings from his own research: “I cannot recall any NDEs with Muhammad as a central figure.”
↑ 14. Friend, dissertation. See Table 31 (Frequency of Key Orthodox Thematic Content): Jesus was mentioned in 17.8% of all cases with thematic data (653 of 3,674) and in 26.5% of the qualitative (scholarly) cases (129 of 487). The <1% figure for other named deities is drawn from the overall dataset.
↑ 15. For a careful treatment of the “all religions are one” claim in NDE literature, see Miller, Is Christianity Compatible, ch. 7 (“But Don’t Muslims See Muhammad, Buddhists See Buddha, and Hindus See Their Gods?”). Miller concluded that “the data I found did not support the common contention that when people see the Being of Light, Christians merely assume that it’s Jesus and report him as such, whereas devotees of other religions typically assume that it’s one of their unique prophets or gods.” See also Miller’s appendices 1–3 for the detailed Krishna, Hindu, and alien studies.
↑ 16. Betty J. Eadie, Embraced by the Light (Placerville, CA: Gold Leaf Press, 1992), 45–46. Eadie wrote that she was told “All religions upon the earth are necessary because there are people who need what they teach” and that each religion is “a stepping stone to further knowledge.” She concluded: “Having received this knowledge, I knew that we have no right to criticize any church or religion in any way. They are all precious and important in his sight.”
↑ 17. Miller, Is Christianity Compatible, ch. 10, quoting and adapting John MacArthur’s critique. Miller noted that Eadie’s account was “very much out of character from the accounts I read in the professional literature, which are overwhelmingly devoid of doctrinal teaching.” MacArthur described her book as containing a system of Mormon and New Age theology, including the preexistence of human souls. Miller agreed that MacArthur’s and Hank Hanegraaff’s concerns about the popular “heaven tourism” genre were warranted in specific cases like Eadie’s, even as Miller disagreed with their wholesale dismissal of all NDEs.
↑ 18. The tension between God’s love and God’s justice is a central theme of biblical theology. See, for example, Romans 5:8 (love) alongside Romans 2:5–6 (judgment). Both belong to the same God.
↑ 19. Friend, dissertation, ch. 5 (False Teachings in NDEs).
↑ 20. See Romans 8:3–4; 2 Corinthians 5:21; 1 Peter 2:24. The atonement makes no sense if sin is not real.
↑ 21. Friend, dissertation; Table 32: reincarnation appeared in 12.0% of the 3,674 cases with thematic data. In the qualitative dataset, the figure was lower at 5.7% (28 of 487 cases), suggesting that post-experience cultural influence inflates the number in the self-reported data.
↑ 22. On the biblical case against reincarnation, see R. M. Enroth, “Reincarnation,” in Walter A. Elwell, ed., Evangelical Dictionary of Theology (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984), 926. Hebrews 9:27 is the clearest single text, but the entire framework of bodily resurrection (1 Corinthians 15), final judgment (Revelation 20:11–15), and personal identity before God opposes any doctrine of cyclical rebirth.
↑ 23. Eadie, Embraced by the Light, 44, 46, 47–48, 53. The teachings attributed to “Jesus” in Eadie’s account include: “All persons as spirits in the pre-mortal world took part in the creation of the earth”; “we knew and even chose our missions in life”; and the claim that Jesus and God the Father are separate beings, which directly contradicts the Christian doctrine of the Trinity. As Sabom observed in Light & Death, 199: “Since these teachings of ‘Jesus’ encountered by Ritchie and Eadie contradict Scripture—something the biblical Christ never did—their ‘Jesus’ is clearly not the same as the historical Jesus of Scripture.” The anti-Trinitarian teaching and pre-mortal existence doctrine are hallmarks of Latter-day Saints theology. See page references in Sabom’s footnote 28 (pp. 44, 46, 47, 48, 53 of Eadie).
↑ 24. Jim B. Tucker, Before: Children’s Memories of Previous Lives (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2021). Tucker’s work at the University of Virginia’s Division of Perceptual Studies has catalogued more than 2,500 cases. The research documents impressively specific memories in young children, though Tucker himself does not draw theological conclusions.
↑ 25. Tabatt, The NDE Conspiracy, ch. 5 (“NDEs and Past-Life and Pre-Life Memories”). Tabatt lists several ways a door to demonic influence can be opened: “A curse; witchcraft; somebody in the family has opened the door to the demonic through a Ouija board, tarot cards, consulting a psychic/medium, or some other common gateway; they reside in a location to which evil has an attraction; since children are often able to see in the spirit, they are simply being targeted because they’re vulnerable between the ages of 2 and 7.” See also Fr. Vincent P. Lampert, Exorcism: The Battle Against Satan and His Demons (Steubenville, OH: Emmaus Road, 2020), 31–32, on the demonological explanation of past-life impressions, and Religious Demonologist Adam C. Blai’s insight that demons generally need a person’s permission before God allows them to act beyond ordinary temptation.
↑ 26. Friend, dissertation, ch. 5. The creator-creature distinction is foundational to all Abrahamic theology. See Genesis 1:1 (God created), Isaiah 44:6–8 (God alone is God), and Acts 17:24–25 (God is not served by human hands, as though He needed anything).
↑ 27. Friend, dissertation; Table 32: psychic/medium promotion appeared in 19.6% of the 3,674 cases with thematic data (720 cases). In the qualitative dataset the figure was 7.2%, again lower, suggesting that the post-NDE cultural environment drives much of the increase in the self-reported accounts.
↑ 28. Tabatt, The NDE Conspiracy, ch. 6 (“NDEs and Psychics, Mediums, and Ghosts”). Tabatt also observed that popular Netflix series like Surviving Death and Life After Death with Tyler Henry lean heavily toward psychics, mediums, and reincarnation in their later episodes: “Generally speaking, it seems that much of the new and popular content coming up in the NDE space has a propensity to shy away from the medical explanations for NDEs and discussions about NDEs that fit within the boundaries of historic and orthodox Christian thought. It’s like there’s an aversion to anything that isn’t tied to psychics, mediums, and the extreme paranormal.”
↑ 29. On the scriptural prohibition of necromancy and mediumship, see Deuteronomy 18:9–14; Leviticus 19:31; 20:6; 1 Samuel 28:3–25 (Saul and the medium of Endor, where the practice is condemned even though it produced a genuine apparition of Samuel); and Isaiah 8:19–20.
↑ 30. Miller, Is Christianity Compatible, chs. 10–11. Miller catalogues numerous warnings from professional NDE researchers about involvement with the occult and mediums. See especially ch. 10 (“Warnings about Mediums and Occult Practices”), where Miller examines cases of NDErs being warned during their experience to avoid psychics and mediums. In one case, the experiencer was told on the other side to warn a relative about a psychic because the psychic was lying. See also Penny Sartori, The Near-Death Experiences of Hospitalized Intensive Care Patients: A Five-Year Clinical Study (New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2008), for a similar case.
↑ 31. The distinction between being met by the dead during an NDE (a passive event, analogous to Moses and Elijah appearing at the Transfiguration, Matthew 17:3) and seeking the dead through a medium (an active and forbidden practice) is treated in Chapter 15.
↑ 32. This “keep the gold, drop the dross” principle is the practical application of 1 Thessalonians 5:21–22: test everything, hold fast to what is good, abstain from what is evil.
↑ 33. 1 Thessalonians 5:21, ESV.
↑ 34. John Burke, quoted in Tabatt, The NDE Conspiracy, ch. 1. Burke is the author of Imagine Heaven: Near-Death Experiences, God’s Promises, and the Exhilarating Future That Awaits You (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2015).
↑ 35. Tabatt, The NDE Conspiracy, ch. 2 (“There’s a Conspiracy Afoot”) and ch. 8 (conclusion). Tabatt writes: “God has given us near-death experiences to reveal Himself to all of humanity and to clearly alert us to the real eternal destinations of Heaven and hell. … However, God’s plan for NDEs is not unfolding without challenge. There is a force at work in our world today that has nefarious intentions and is attempting to hijack many of these near-death experiences and related accounts to deceive people and lead them toward anything and everything other than the God revealed in the Bible.”
↑ 36. Sabom, Light & Death, 196–200. Sabom compared the “Jesus” described by Ritchie, Eadie, and Bobby Jean (a patient in his Atlanta Study). All three reported a being of radiant light and overwhelming love. But the teachings ascribed to this “Jesus” by Ritchie and Eadie contradicted Scripture. Ritchie’s “Jesus” told him that human beings “have to be gods and not lowly worms”; Eadie’s “Jesus” told her that no church should be criticized and that all spirits took part in the creation of the earth. Sabom concluded: “Since these teachings of ‘Jesus’ encountered by Ritchie and Eadie contradict Scripture—something the biblical Christ never did—their ‘Jesus’ is clearly not the same as the historical Jesus of Scripture.” Sabom also noted Ken Ring’s observation that NDE “revelations” may originate not from information encoded during the NDE but from subsequent visions or reflections.
↑ 36b. Sabom, Light & Death, 199–200. Bobby Jean’s “Jesus” resembled in appearance and in feeling the spirit encountered by Ritchie and Eadie, but did not provide theological messages. Following her NDE, she “chose to walk the path of a conservative Christian, scoring a perfect 11 on the Spiritual Beliefs Questionnaire.” Sabom’s point is that the experience looked the same across all three cases; the difference was in whether the spirit delivered unbiblical teachings. See also Sabom’s discussion of the Rawlings case in which the spirit was asked, “Are you Jesus?” and replied, “No” (p. 198).
↑ 37. Miller, Is Christianity Compatible, ch. 2, following his 47-point comparison of NDE themes with mainstream biblical teachings. Miller emphasizes that NDEs do not resolve contested theological questions (e.g., mode of baptism, charismatic vs. non-charismatic) but simply reinforce the broad themes of love, the reality of God, and the priority of serving others.
↑ 38. Miller, Is Christianity Compatible, ch. 10 (“Responding to Scriptural Attacks on NDEs”). Miller wrote that Eadie’s book was “very much out of character from the accounts I read in the professional literature, which are overwhelmingly devoid of doctrinal teaching.” He also pointed to Alex Malarkey’s The Boy Who Came Back from Heaven as another cautionary case: the boy later admitted the story was fabricated, and the publisher ceased publication. These popular books, Miller noted, are not representative of what competent researchers find in carefully documented NDE studies.
↑ 39. Miller, Is Christianity Compatible, conclusion to chs. 1–2. See also the compatibility findings in Chapter 17 of this book.
↑ 40. Friend, dissertation, ch. 4. See Table 32: every category of non-orthodox thematic content (reincarnation, psychic/medium, New Age concepts, universal salvation, works-based salvation, occult elements, contradicts Scripture) was significantly less frequent in the qualitative (scholarly) dataset than in the quantitative (self-reported) dataset.
↑ 41. J. P. Moreland and Gary R. Habermas have articulated theological criteria for evaluating NDE claims that focus on the nature of God, the identity of Jesus, the Gospel message, the reality of sin and judgment, and the authority of Scripture. See Friend, dissertation, ch. 3 (methodology), for a summary of these criteria alongside those of Burke and Tabatt.
↑ 42. On the unreliability of subjective certainty as a guide to truth, see 2 Corinthians 11:14 (even Satan presents himself as light) and Proverbs 14:12: “There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way to death.”
↑ 43. The doctrine of general revelation (Romans 1:19–20; Acts 17:26–28) affirms that God has made Himself known to every culture. But general revelation points toward Christ (Romans 10:13–15), not toward the equal validity of all religious paths.
↑ 44. The claim that all spiritual experience is beyond rational evaluation is itself a rational claim, and therefore self-defeating. If the divine is truly beyond all statements, then the statement “all religions lead to the same place” has no more validity than any other.
↑ 45. The analogy of medical reference ranges is not perfect, but the principle is sound: an external standard is needed to evaluate individual readings. For the Christian, that external standard is Scripture (2 Timothy 3:16–17).
↑ 46. Isaiah 40:8: “The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God will stand forever.”
↑ 47. On approaching NDE experiencers pastorally, see also the guidance in Chapter 23 and Appendix C. Gentleness is not weakness; it is the tone of truth spoken in love (Ephesians 4:15).
↑ 48. 2 Timothy 3:16–17: “All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.”